This video follows biologist Elinor Karlsson, who studies dogs to find genes associated with traits, including certain diseases.
Due to a long history of selective breeding, dogs within a breed are almost genetically identical. This makes them ideal for finding genetic differences associated with traits of interest. Scientists focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): specific positions in the genome where nucleotides are known to vary among dogs. They can use SNPs to locate genes associated with diseases such as cancer, which may also inform human medicine.